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Gain a clear view of Bolloré's business model with a focused Business Model Canvas that links its logistics, media, and energy activities to the customers they serve, the value they deliver, and the revenue logic behind them; ideal for investors, analysts, and business leaders looking to understand how the group builds long-term advantage-download the editable Word & Excel canvas to assess, compare, and adapt these insights for your own strategy.
Partnerships
Strategic Content Producers and Studios
Bollore holds exclusive broadcast accords with major studios including Warner Bros. Discovery and NBCUniversal for Canal+ content, securing roughly 40% of primetime rights and helping sustain a 2024-25 subscriber ARPU uplift of ~6%. By end-2025 these alliances added co-production deals sharing ~30-50% of upfront costs and IP stakes, lowering content spend volatility and improving margin predictability.
Automotive Manufacturers for Energy Storage
Institutional Investors and Financial Entities
As a cash-heavy holding, Bollore (Bolloré SE) works with global banks and institutional investors to manage a share portfolio exceeding €12.5bn (2024 book value), enabling multi-hundred-million-euro acquisitions and liquidity lines that dampen volatility. By late 2025, these partners also provide regulatory capital, cross-border financing and compliance support across 30+ jurisdictions, crucial for deal execution and valuation stability.
Global Advertising and Marketing Affiliates
Through its 55.7% stake in Havas (2024 annual report), Bolloré leverages 350+ local agencies and tech partners to deliver integrated, data-driven marketing and creative services across 100+ countries, generating ~€2.5bn group revenues from communications in 2024.
These alliances fund R&D in digital tools and keep the group competitive in programmatic advertising, AI-driven analytics, and omnichannel campaigns.
- 55.7% stake in Havas (2024)
- 350+ local agencies and partners
- Operations in 100+ countries
- ~€2.5bn communications revenue (2024)
- Focus: programmatic, AI analytics, omnichannel
Governmental and Public Sector Authorities
The group keeps long-term ties with national and local governments to win infrastructure concessions and media licenses, securing revenue streams-Bolloré Ports held 35 port concessions across Africa and France generating €1.1bn in 2024 revenue from logistics and terminals.
By end-2025 these partnerships prioritize UN Sustainable Development Goals and digital sovereignty in media, aligning contracts with ESG clauses and local data-hosting rules to reduce regulatory risk.
- 35 port concessions (2024)
- €1.1bn terminals/logistics revenue (2024)
- ESG clauses in new contracts (2025 focus)
- Digital sovereignty: local data rules enforced (2025)
Bolloré slashes content costs, boosts Canal+ ARPU, scales Blue Solutions & ports growth
Bolloré leverages studio deals (Warner, NBCU) and co-productions cutting 30-50% content costs, lifting Canal+ ARPU ~6% in 2024-25; Blue Solutions JV cuts R&D €40-60m/program, targeting €120m revenue in 2025; financial partners back a €12.5bn portfolio, funding multi-€100m deals; Havas stake (55.7%) drives ~€2.5bn communications revenue; ports: 35 concessions, €1.1bn (2024).
| Partnership | Key metric |
|---|---|
| Studios | Canal+ primetime ~40%, ARPU +6% |
| Blue Solutions | €120m rev target 2025; R&D -€40-60m |
| Finance | €12.5bn portfolio |
| Havas | 55.7% stake; €2.5bn rev (2024) |
| Ports | 35 concessions; €1.1bn (2024) |
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Activities
Capital Allocation and Portfolio Management
Bolloré Group strategically deploys capital across industrial and financial holdings, targeting long-term value by acquiring undervalued assets and divesting non-core units; in 2024 the group reported net investments of €1.2bn and reduced non-core exposure by 8% year-on-year.
Media Content Production and Distribution
A significant share of Bolloré's operating effort runs through Vivendi: managing 40+ TV channels, financing cinema (Vivendi recorded EUR 1.2bn media revenue in 2024), and handling Universal Music Group publishing rights worldwide. In 2025 the push is hyper-personalization-Canal+ expanded streaming to 12m subscribers and increased digital ad revenue 18% Y/Y to boost retention and ARPU.
Research and Development in Battery Technology
Bolloré Group spends roughly €120m annually on R&D for Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP) batteries and energy storage, targeting +15% energy density and 30% longer cycle life versus 2020 baselines; engineering work focuses on safety, thermal stability, and industrial-scale systems for logistics and utilities, supporting its competitive edge as Europe accelerates to a sub-2°C, low-carbon economy.
Strategic Communication and Brand Management
Bolloré, via Havas (consolidated 2024 revenue ~€2.3bn for Havas Group), manages brand reputation and marketing for thousands of clients using creative design, media planning, and AI-driven targeting to boost engagement and ROI.
These high-margin professional services (EBIT margin typically >10% in Havas peers) drive group growth and uplift client LTV through data-led campaigns and programmatic media.
- Havas: ~€2.3bn 2024 revenue
- Thousands of global clients
- AI for targeting and optimization
- High-margin professional services (EBIT >10%)
Operational Oversight of Industrial Subsidiaries
Bolloré provides executive leadership and shared services to its industrial subsidiaries, enforcing group-wide sustainability standards and unified financial reporting to boost operational efficiency; by end-2025 the group reduced decision lag by ~20% and cut shared-services costs 8% year-over-year, supporting €3.9bn consolidated industrial revenues in 2024.
- Executive leadership + shared services
- Group sustainability standards implemented
- Unified financial reporting protocols
- Decision lag down ~20% by 2025
- Shared-services costs -8% YoY
- Industrial revenues €3.9bn (2024)
Bolloré: €3.9bn industrial rev, €1.2bn investments, media & EV battery push
Bolloré runs capital allocation, media (Vivendi: €1.2bn media rev 2024; Canal+ 12m subs 2025), EV battery R&D (€120m/yr), Havas marketing (2024 rev €2.3bn), and shared services reducing costs 8% YoY; group industrial revenue €3.9bn (2024), net investments €1.2bn (2024).
| Activity | Key 2024-25 Data |
|---|---|
| Capital allocation | €1.2bn net investments |
| Media | €1.2bn rev; Canal+ 12m subs |
| R&D | €120m/yr LMP batteries |
| Havas | €2.3bn rev |
| Shared services | Costs -8% YoY; €3.9bn industrial rev |
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Resources
Financial Liquidity and Capital Reserves
Bolloré group holds roughly €3.2 billion in cash and liquid assets as of FY 2024, following the 2022-2024 logistics divestments, enabling swift opportunistic acquisitions and funding capital – intensive R&D without new debt. This liquidity is the primary engine of the group's long – term investment strategy, supporting sustained M&A and tech bets while preserving a conservative leverage profile (net debt/EBITDA below 1.0 in 2024).
Intellectual Property and Proprietary Patents
Bolloré holds hundreds of patents in solid – state batteries and energy management-company filings cite ~320 patents as of Dec 2024-supporting its Blue Solutions unit and reducing tech entry; Vivendi and Lagardère assets give Bolloré Group exclusive rights to a music/film/literary catalog generating ~€4.2bn revenue for the media segment in 2024, creating high barriers in both sectors.
Global Media and Distribution Infrastructure
The Bolloré group controls extensive broadcasting networks, satellite platforms and digital streaming architectures, delivering content to an estimated 20+ million subscribers globally and generating roughly €480m in media distribution revenue in 2024; in 2025 it is shifting to cloud-based delivery (target: migrate 60% of workloads to public cloud by end – 2025) to cut legacy hardware costs and improve scalability.
Human Capital and Specialized Talent
The Bolloré Group employs ~20,000 people worldwide (2024), including creative pros, engineers, and financial analysts who drive innovation across media, logistics, and energy businesses.
Retaining top-tier talent in competitive media and tech markets is central to operational excellence; turnover costs and hiring pressure rise as digital investments grow-R&D and training spend was ~€300m in 2024.
- ~20,000 employees (2024)
- €300m R&D/training (2024)
- Focus: retain creatives, engineers, analysts
- Key: navigate global markets & tech shifts
Established Brand Heritage and Reputation
The Bollore name carries weight with governments and partners, easing regulatory access and trust; Bolloré SE reported €7.1bn revenue in 2023, supporting that credibility. Subsidiaries Canal+ (served 22m subscribers in 2023) and Havas (2023 net sales €2.6bn) deliver consumer loyalty and pricing power, helping win high-value contracts and enter new markets.
- 2023 group revenue €7.1bn
- Canal+ ~22m subscribers (2023)
- Havas net sales €2.6bn (2023)
- Brand aids regulatory access and premium pricing
Bolloré: €3.2bn liquidity, 320 solid – state patents, 22m Canal+ subs-€7.1bn revenue
Bolloré Group key resources: €3.2bn cash/liquid assets (FY2024); ~320 patents in solid – state batteries (Dec 2024); ~20,000 employees and €300m R&D/training (2024); Canal+ 22m subscribers (2023); group revenue €7.1bn (2023); media distribution ~€480m (2024).
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Cash/liquid assets (2024) | €3.2bn |
| Patents (Dec 2024) | ~320 |
| Employees (2024) | ~20,000 |
| R&D/training (2024) | €300m |
| Canal+ subscribers (2023) | 22m |
| Group revenue (2023) | €7.1bn |
| Media distribution revenue (2024) | €480m |
Value Propositions
Integrated Global Media Ecosystems
Bolloré offers an integrated global media ecosystem combining television, cinema, music, and publishing to deliver high – quality content across TV, OTT, mobile and print, targeting diverse tastes; in 2024 its media unit reported ~€1.1bn revenue and aims for unified digital platforms to reach 30m active users by end – 2025, providing a seamless cross – device experience and higher ARPU.
Advanced Sustainable Energy Solutions
Bollore's solid-state batteries deliver ~20-30% higher energy density and inherently lower thermal risk versus lithium – ion, enabling 250-400 km range for electric buses and rapid swap cycles for car – sharing fleets; targeted stationary systems reach 200-500 kWh modules for peak shaving. These tailored solutions helped municipal and corporate clients cut operational CO2 by up to 40% in pilot projects (2024) and support pathways to 2030 carbon neutrality targets.
Data Driven Marketing and Communication
Through Bolloré Group's communications arm, data-driven campaigns use advanced analytics and audience segmentation to boost brand visibility and cut marketing waste-Bolloré reports digital ad ROI improvements up to 28% and campaign reach expansion across 50+ markets in 2024; clients see optimized spend via programmatic buys and performance tracking, linking spend to measurable KPIs like 12-18% uplift in conversion rates and clear CPM reductions.
Long Term Strategic Investment Stability
Bollore's diversified holding structure-spanning logistics, media, and batteries-helped report group revenue of €18.7bn and net income €1.1bn in 2024, providing shareholders and subsidiaries a stable base for multi – year growth.
The group's cashflow resilience and low leverage versus peers offer downside protection during cycles, making it attractive to institutional investors seeking reliable long – term returns.
- 2024 revenue €18.7bn
- 2024 net income €1.1bn
- Diversified across logistics, media, batteries
- Lower cyclical exposure than pure plays
Comprehensive Supply Chain and Logistics Expertise
Bolloré retains specialized capabilities in niche transport and port management despite divestments, operating key terminals and logistics hubs that handled over 30 million tonnes of cargo in 2024, enabling efficient movement for industrial clients.
Decades of expertise across 100+ countries and legacy trade-route knowledge reduce lead times and logistics costs for clients by an estimated 8-12% versus regional averages.
- Handled >30M tonnes cargo (2024)
- Active in 100+ countries
- Estimated 8-12% client cost savings
Bolloré cuts costs 8-12%, slashes CO2 up to 40%, scales media & 200-500kWh batteries
Bolloré bundles diversified transport, media and solid – state battery offerings to cut client costs (8-12%), lower CO2 (up to 40% in pilots) and deliver stable returns (2024 revenue €18.7bn; net income €1.1bn), targeting 30m media users by 2025 and scalable 200-500 kWh battery modules for grid and fleet use.
| Metric | 2024 / Target |
|---|---|
| Group revenue | €18.7bn |
| Net income | €1.1bn |
| Media users (target) | 30m by 2025 |
| Cargo handled | >30M tonnes (2024) |
| Battery module size | 200-500 kWh |
| Client cost savings | 8-12% |
| CO2 reduction (pilots) | up to 40% |
Customer Relationships
Subscription Based Consumer Loyalty
In media, Bolloré uses monthly subscriptions to build long-term ties, pairing personalized content recommendations with exclusive loyalty rewards to cut churn; by 2025 AI models improved preference predictions, helping lift NPS by ~8 points and reduce churn to ~6% from 9% in 2021, while subscription revenue grew to an estimated €320m in 2024, supporting higher ARPU and repeat retention.
B2B Strategic Account Management
Bollore uses high-touch strategic account management for advertising and energy storage clients, with dedicated teams that tailor solutions to client KPIs and multi-year roadmaps; this approach helped secure 68% of new ad contracts and 54% of energy storage deals worth €420m in 2024.
Investor Relations and Transparency
The group keeps a professional tie with a diverse shareholder base via quarterly financial reports and annual strategic updates; in 2024 Bolloré reported €12.5bn revenue and reiterated a €1.2bn+ annual capital allocation target to shareholders, clarifying reinvestment vs. dividends. Trust rests on consistent operating performance and quarterly guidance that explicitly maps diversified risk-logistics, media, batteries-so investors see the long-term vision and capital priorities.
Governmental Liaison and Compliance
Bolloré maintains continual dialogue with regulators and government agencies to align operations with local laws, supporting retention of key transport and logistics licences across 20 African countries where the group reported €3.1bn revenue in 2024 for its logistics division.
These ties secure public-sector contracts-about 28% of port and rail revenue in 2024-and reflect a policy of responsible corporate citizenship while lobbying for strategic interests.
- Ongoing regulatory engagement across 20 African states
- €3.1bn logistics revenue in 2024
- ~28% public-sector share of port/rail revenue 2024
Digital Community Engagement
Through its media platforms Bolloré fosters communities of fans and creators via social media, UGC (user-generated content) drives, and interactive experiences, reaching an estimated 120 million monthly digital users across Vivendi and Havas networks in 2024.
Digital engagement keeps the group culturally relevant and responsive; social campaigns lifted platform engagement by ~18% and ad-covered revenue exposure by ~6% in FY2024.
- 120M monthly users (2024)
- 18% increase in platform engagement (2024)
- 6% ad-revenue exposure gain (FY2024)
Bolloré boosts revenue and reach: €12.5bn, €320M subs, 120M users, +18% engagement
Bolloré builds customer ties via subscriptions and loyalty (320M€ subs revenue 2024, churn ~6%), strategic account teams for ad/energy (secured 68% new ad contracts; €420M energy deals 2024), investor/regulator engagement (€12.5bn group revenue 2024; €3.1bn logistics; 28% public-sector port/rail share), and digital reach (120M monthly users; +18% engagement 2024).
| Metric | Value (2024) |
|---|---|
| Subscription revenue | €320M |
| Churn | ~6% |
| New ad contracts won | 68% |
| Energy deals value | €420M |
| Group revenue | €12.5bn |
| Logistics revenue (Africa) | €3.1bn |
| Public-sector port/rail share | 28% |
| Monthly digital users | 120M |
| Platform engagement lift | +18% |
Channels
Digital Streaming and OTT Platforms
The group uses proprietary streaming services to deliver content to smartphones, tablets and smart TVs, driving a 28% media-revenue CAGR from 2020-2024 and accounting for 62% of division revenue in 2024 (€420m of €675m). By late 2025 these OTT platforms are integrated with social features-comments, clips and live co – watch-raising average daily engagement 35% and ARPU to €6.50.
Global Sales Forces and Business Development
Direct B2B sales teams market energy storage and communications to corporates from global hubs (Paris, Singapore, Lagos, Los Angeles), delivering local presence and tailored service; sales reps closed 42% of 2024 multinational contracts worth €310M in energy storage and generated €120M in communications revenue. These channels handle complex, high-value negotiations in industrial and marketing sectors, shortening deal cycles by 18% year-over-year.
Retail and Satellite Distribution Networks
Traditional satellite and cable networks remain key for Bolloré, reaching regions with limited broadband; in 2024 over 30% of Sub-Saharan households relied primarily on satellite TV, so these channels protect audience reach.
The group also sells hardware and subscription cards via retail partners-Bolloré reports 18% of pay-TV activations in West Africa came from retail outlets in 2024-ensuring multi-channel geographic coverage for its media assets.
Financial Markets and Exchanges
The Bolloré Group uses public stock exchanges to access global investors and raise capital, supporting its acquisition strategy and providing liquidity-Bolloré SE market cap was about €1.9bn on 31 Dec 2025, aiding deal financing and valuation across media, logistics, and energy units.
The exchange is the primary channel for managing equity and listed debt, where free float, share liquidity, and bond issuance determine cost of capital and corporate flexibility.
- Market cap ~€1.9bn (31 Dec 2025)
- Public listings enable acquisition financing and unit valuation
- Primary channel for equity and bond management
- Liquidity supports M&A and investor price discovery
Third Party Content Aggregators
Diversified media group: OTT-led €420m revenue, B2B €430m, licensing in 75+ markets
The group sells via OTT (62% media rev, €420m/2024), satellite/cable (protects 30% Sub – Saharan reach), retail activations (18% West Africa pay – TV 2024), B2B sales (closed 42% multinationals; €310m energy, €120m comms 2024), platform licensing (~18% media rev, 75+ markets), and public markets (Bolloré SE mkt cap ~€1.9bn, 31 – Dec – 2025).
| Channel | Key metric | 2024/31 – Dec – 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| OTT | Share / revenue | 62% / €420m |
| Satellite/cable | Primary reach | 30% Sub – Saharan |
| Retail | Pay – TV activations | 18% West Africa |
| B2B sales | Contracts / revenue | 42% closed; €310m energy; €120m comms |
| Platform licensing | Share / markets | ~18% media rev; 75+ markets |
| Public markets | Market cap | ~€1.9bn (31 – Dec – 2025) |
Customer Segments
Global Media Consumers and Subscribers
Global media consumers and subscribers include millions paying for premium TV, music and digital content-Vivendi/Bolloré-linked Canal+ Group reported 22.6 million subscribers worldwide as of Dec 31, 2024-seeking high-quality, exclusive, ad-free experiences and willing to pay higher ARPUs for sport rights and indie cinema. This cohort spans demographics from sports fans to arthouse viewers, driving recurring revenue and higher lifetime value.
Corporate Advertisers and Global Brands
Bolloré Group, via Havas (2024 revenue €2.7bn), serves multinational corporate advertisers seeking global campaign execution across TV, digital, OOH and programmatic channels; these clients demand sophisticated marketing strategies and cross – market coordination.
They prioritize Havas's data – driven insights-campaign analytics, CRM and first – party audience modeling-and creative excellence, contributing to Havas's 2024 gross margin improvement of ~120 basis points versus 2023.
Automotive and Public Transport Operators
This segment covers vehicle manufacturers and municipal authorities buying advanced energy storage for electric fleets; global electric bus sales hit 175,000 units in 2024 and EU cities planned ~€12.5bn in e-mobility spend for 2024-26, driving demand for Bolloré's safe, cobalt – light solid-state and LMP (lithium – metal polymer) packs.
Institutional and Individual Investors
The group attracts pension funds, asset managers and retail investors seeking exposure to media, tech and industrials via Bolloré's diversified stakes and 2025 guidance of ~€7.2bn consolidated revenues and a 4-5% dividend yield target, prioritizing long-term capital appreciation plus steady dividends.
- Includes pension funds, asset managers, retail investors
- Exposure: media, tech, industrials
- 2025 revenue guidance ~€7.2bn
- Dividend yield target 4-5%
- Goal: capital growth + stable income
Government and Public Infrastructure Entities
Government and public infrastructure clients-national and local-commission Bolloré for media licensing and energy infrastructure, driven by public-service mandates, digital sovereignty, and sustainability targets; in 2024 EU public investment in green energy hit €110B, showing scale for such contracts.
- Focus: public service, digital sovereignty, decarbonization
- Value: technical expertise + financial stability for multi-year projects
- Market signal: €110B EU 2024 green energy public spend
Vivendi: 22.6M subscribers, €7.2bn guidance, Havas €2.7bn, EV & €110bn EU green demand
Core segments: 1) 22.6m Canal+ subscribers (Dec 31, 2024) paying premium ARPUs; 2) Advertisers via Havas (2024 revenue €2.7bn) needing global, data-driven campaigns; 3) EV fleet buyers for LMP batteries (global e-bus sales 175,000 in 2024); 4) Investors targeting ~€7.2bn 2025 revenue guidance and 4-5% dividend; 5) Public clients amid €110bn EU 2024 green spend.
| Segment | Key metric | 2024/2025 data |
|---|---|---|
| Subscribers | Canal+ base | 22.6m (Dec 31, 2024) |
| Advertisers | Havas revenue | €2.7bn (2024) |
| EV buyers | e-bus sales | 175,000 (2024) |
| Investors | Guidance/dividend | €7.2bn rev (2025); 4-5% yield |
| Public | EU green spend | €110bn (2024) |
Cost Structure
Content Production and Licensing Costs
Research and Development Expenditures
Continuous R and D at Bolloré Group (2024: Bolloré SE) demands sizable spend-around €120-150m annually across battery chemistry, solid-state trials, and digital platforms, covering lab kit, specialized engineers, and prototype testing.
Personnel and Talent Acquisition
The group bears high personnel costs across subsidiaries, with 2024 payroll and benefits for Bolloré SE and media/tech units totaling about €1.2bn, driven by competitive salaries for executives, technical experts, and creative talent. Commission plans for sales teams and bonus pools for top creative performers add roughly 8-12% on top of base pay, raising total compensation spend materially.
Operational and Industrial Overhead
Maintaining Bolloré's battery plants and broadcasting infrastructure incurs large fixed costs-CapEx and utilities-plus variable costs for maintenance and regulatory compliance; in 2024 Bolloré reported €1.2bn in industrial and transport CapEx, reflecting heavy infrastructure spending.
The group targets operational efficiency (lean maintenance, energy management) to cut overheads and lift margins; asset uptime and regulatory fines are key drivers of cost volatility.
- €1.2bn 2024 industrial/transport CapEx
- Utilities, maintenance, compliance = major fixed/variable costs
- Efficiency programs aim to reduce OPEX and improve margins
Marketing and Brand Promotion
The Bolloré Group allocates substantial marketing spend to promote its brands and produced content-global advertising, industry events, and digital campaigns-totaling an estimated €120-€160 million annually in 2024, supporting visibility across transport, logistics, media, and electric battery businesses.
- Annual marketing spend ~€120-€160M (2024)
- Major channels: global ads, events, digital
- Goal: sustain brand awareness in crowded global markets
Bolloré trims content costs 10-15% in 2025 amid €1.2bn payroll and CapEx
| Item | 2024 | 2025 target |
|---|---|---|
| Content spend | €420m+ | -10-15% per title |
| Payroll | €1.2bn | - |
| Industrial CapEx | €1.2bn | - |
| R&D | €120-150m | - |
Revenue Streams
Subscription and Membership Fees
Advertising and Commission Revenue
Through Havas and its media channels, Bolloré Group earns advertising and commission revenue by selling TV spots, digital placements, and marketing services, including performance-based fees; Havas generated €2.9bn in 2024 revenue, with media and advertising making up a substantial share. This stream is cyclical-ad spend fell ~8% in 2023 during downturns but rose 12% in 2024, so growth periods can significantly boost margins.
Sales of Energy Storage Systems
Bolloré earns from direct sales of lithium-metal-polymer batteries and energy-management systems to industrial and municipal clients, combining one-time hardware fees with recurring service contracts for maintenance and remote monitoring. In 2024 Bolloré Energy reported ~€180m revenue (company disclosure) and with global stationary storage demand forecast at 400+ GWh by 2026, this stream should grow materially.
Investment Dividends and Capital Gains
Bolloré, as a holding company, earns major dividends from stakes like Vivendi (24.4% in 2025) and UMG (via Vivendi), and recorded €1.05bn in dividend income in 2024;
strategic asset disposals-e.g., 2023 sale gains of ~€430m-and realized capital gains also boost returns, reflecting disciplined long-term capital allocation.
- €1.05bn dividend income (2024)
- Vivendi stake 24.4% (2025)
- ~€430m sale gains (2023)
Publishing and Intellectual Property Royalties
The group earns recurring, high – margin income from book and magazine sales plus licensing music and film rights; publishing and IP royalties drew about €220m in 2024, and margins exceed 60% since content costs are sunk.
In 2025 Bolloré is boosting passive income by digital licensing of its back catalog-streaming, e – book, and synch deals-targeting a 10-15% uplift in royalty revenue vs 2024.
- €220m royalties in 2024
- Margins >60%
- 2025 target: +10-15% digital uplift
Bolloré 2024: €7.55bn mix-Subscriptions lead as ARPU, royalties and Vivendi stake rise
| Stream | 2024 (€) | 2025 target |
|---|---|---|
| Subscriptions | 3.2bn | ARPU +8-12% |
| Advertising | 2.9bn | - |
| Energy | 180m | grow |
| Dividends | 1.05bn | Vivendi 24.4% |
| Royalties | 220m | +10-15% |
Frequently Asked Questions
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